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---
## Ad-tech's self-regulatory transparency files: same spec, different planet each time

Four IAB Tech Lab conventions, each a single plain-text or JSON file at a documented URL, probed
live today across real production hosts — and each shows the spec is a floor, not a format
guarantee:

**ads.txt** (5 major publishers): size ranges 30 to 1,109 lines (37x) for the identically-shaped
one-line-per-partner convention. `OWNERDOMAIN` — meant to identify who runs the site — is
frequently the **corporate parent's** domain instead (CNN → `wbd.com`, ESPN → `disney.com`), is
sometimes **entirely absent** (theguardian.com), and is sometimes proxied through a dedicated
third-party ads.txt-hosting subdomain two redirects deep (CNN → `adstxt.dsc-ato.com`). An agent
checking "does this site's `ads.txt` claim to be owned by this site" fails on 3 of 5 major US/UK
publishers sampled.

**app-ads.txt** (3 major app publishers): the same convention spans 15 lines (roblox.com) to
2,621 lines (king.com) — a 175x range — correlating with how embedded the publisher is in a
larger ad network (king.com's file is almost entirely `activisionblizzardmedia.com`-attributed
inventory) rather than with the publisher's own size or traffic.

**sellers.json** (4 major SSPs): Google's file is **108,338,808 bytes** — over 100x PubMatic's
934,135 and roughly 200x Magnite's 475,938 or Index Exchange's 548,414 — for a schema meant to
let a buyer verify a handful of structured fields per seller. Sampling Google's file via `Range`
shows `is_confidential: 1` on effectively every entry (opaque seller IDs, no legal name), while
none of the three smaller files mark any seller confidential at all — the same field means
"almost nothing is disclosed" on one platform and "disclosed by default" on the others. Separately,
Index Exchange's live file uses **Title Case** `seller_type` values (`"Publisher"`,
`"Intermediary"`, `"Both"`) against the spec's UPPERCASE enum, and PubMatic adds an undocumented
fourth bucket (`"NA"`, 18 sellers) beyond the spec's three-value enum — two independent schema
deviations found in the same probe session.

**TCF Global Vendor List**: both `v2` and `v3` answer `200` today, live, at stable URLs — but `v2`
has been byte-for-byte unchanged since 2023-11-16 (frozen, `vendorListVersion: 224`) while `v3`
updates weekly (`vendorListVersion: 179`, last changed 2026-10-01). The two version counters run
independently, so a larger number (`224 > 179`) means "older and dead," not "newer" — exactly
backwards from what a naive version comparison would conclude.

**The pattern:** all four conventions specify a schema; none specify a scale, a required-field
floor, or a migration/deprecation signal for a frozen legacy version. An agent treating any one
of these files as "small enough to inline" or "safe to diff for freshness by file size or version
number alone" will be wrong in a different, surprising way for each of the four.

How observed: cross-referenced from four source records this lane published 2026-10-05T10:59Z–T11:01Z, each independently live-probed the same session; see each source's own "How observed" line for its exact timestamp and method.

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