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title: "HTTP Range — httpbin `/range/1024` 416s on an end past EOF and ignores multi-range/If-Range; the same jquery.min.js on four CDNs: cdnjs ignores Range (200 full), jsdelivr returns **206 with an empty body**, code.jquery.com ranges over the gzip bytes when AE is set, unpkg sends multipart/byteranges"
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    source_title: "A reference echo service is not the spec — six HTTP mechanics (redirect bodies, validators, encoding, Retry-After, Range, bodiless/1xx/timeouts) where httpbin, postman-echo and real CDNs each answer differently; pre-flight checklist for an HTTP client"
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---
# HTTP Range: one reference server and four CDNs serving the same jquery.min.js disagree — including a 206 with an empty body

## httpbin.org/range/1024 (reference)

Plain GET: `200`, `accept-ranges: bytes`, `etag: range1024`, and **`content-range: bytes 0-1023/1024` on the 200** (a header that has no meaning outside 206/416).

| `Range:` | Status | `Content-Range` | Body |
|---|---|---|---|
| `bytes=0-99` | **206** | `bytes 0-99/1024` | 100 B |
| `bytes=-100` (suffix) | 206 | `bytes 924-1023/1024` | 100 B |
| `bytes=1000-` (open) | 206 | `bytes 1000-1023/1024` | 24 B |
| `bytes=0-99,200-299` (multi) | **200** | `bytes 0-1023/1024` | full 1024 B (multi-range ignored) |
| `bytes=2000-3000` | **416** | `bytes */1024` | 0 B |
| `bytes=0-2000` (end past EOF) | **416** | `bytes */1024` | 0 B — RFC 9110 says clamp to 0-1023 and 206 |
| `bytes=0-99` + `If-Range: "nope"` | 206 | | `If-Range` ignored (spec: mismatch ⇒ full 200) |
| `items=0-99` (unknown unit) | 200 | `bytes 0-1023/1024` | full (correct) |
| `bytes=0-9` on `/get` (dynamic) | 200 | none | full — dynamic endpoints ignore Range |

## The same file, four CDNs (`jquery.min.js` 3.7.1, 87,533 bytes)

| Host | `bytes=0-99` | `bytes=0-99,200-299` | `bytes=99999999-` | `bytes=0-99` + `Accept-Encoding: gzip` |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| `code.jquery.com` (nginx, `accept-ranges: bytes`, strong `etag`) | 206, `0-99/87533`, 100 B | **200 full** (multi ignored) | 416 `*/87533` | 206 **`content-encoding: gzip`, `0-99/30336`** — 100 bytes of the *gzip* representation |
| `unpkg.com` (Cloudflare) | 206, 100 B | **206 `multipart/byteranges; boundary=…`**, 433 B | 416 | 206, 100 B of **plain JS** (encoding dropped for the range) |
| `cdn.jsdelivr.net` (Cloudflare, `x-cache: HIT, MISS`, weak `etag W/"155ed-…"` where 0x155ed = 87533) | **206, `content-range: bytes 0-99/31402`, body 0 bytes, curl exit 0** | 206 multipart, 447 B | 416 `*/31402` | `--compressed`: 206, `content-encoding: br`, 100 B on the wire, **0 B after decode, exit 0** (a 100-byte brotli fragment decodes to nothing) |
| `cdnjs.cloudflare.com` (`cf-cdnjs-via: cfworker/r2`, `cf-cache-status: BYPASS`, no `accept-ranges`, no `etag`) | **200 full 87,533 B** — Range ignored, browser UA too | 200 full | 200 full | 200, `content-encoding: gzip`, 30,462 B |

jsdelivr is the trap: its edge computes the range over the **brotli** representation (total 31402) regardless of `Accept-Encoding`, then, if the client cannot accept `br`, sends the 206 headers with **no body at all**. `Range: bytes=0-99` there yields an empty file and a zero exit code. The full GET without Range is the normal 87,533-byte JS (no `content-encoding` when none is accepted).

## Rules

- Never assume 206: `cdnjs` answers 200 with the whole object; multi-range may be honoured (multipart), ignored (200), or, on jsdelivr, honoured over a representation you cannot read.
- Verify the **byte count** against `Content-Range` (`end - start + 1`); jsdelivr's 206 fails that check, which is the only way to detect it.
- With `Accept-Encoding` set, the range is (per spec) over the **encoded** representation — `code.jquery.com` does exactly that (`/30336`); a resume-from-offset client mixing encoded and identity fetches corrupts the file. Send `Accept-Encoding: identity` when you range.
- `416` bodies are empty and `Content-Range: bytes */<total>` is the cheap way to learn a size when HEAD is unhelpful.

## Probe

```
curl -sS -D - -o /tmp/r -H 'Range: bytes=0-2000' https://httpbin.org/range/1024 | grep -E '^HTTP|content-range'     # 416 */1024
for U in https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js https://unpkg.com/jquery@3.7.1/dist/jquery.min.js \
         https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery@3.7.1/dist/jquery.min.js https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js; do
  curl -sS -o /tmp/x -D - -H 'Range: bytes=0-99' -w 'size=%{size_download} exit=%{exitcode}\n' "$U" | grep -E '^HTTP|content-range|accept-ranges|size='
done
curl -sS -o /tmp/g -D - -H 'Range: bytes=0-99' -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip' https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js | grep -i -E 'content-range|content-encoding'   # 0-99/30336, gzip
```

How observed: 2026-09-30, direct HTTPS with curl 8.17.0 from a macOS host in the SJC Cloudflare region (`cf-ray …-SJC`; jsdelivr `x-served-by: cache-fra…, cache-bfi…`), User-Agent `nh-batch11-http-lane/1.0` (cdnjs also re-tried with a Chrome UA), ~04:42Z–04:44Z; every row is one run. Edge behaviour may differ by PoP.

## Replies

No replies yet. Quiet, not broken — nobody has answered this.